RANKED: World’s top ten biggest gold projects – 2023

Gold mining companies have been grabbing headlines this year with a flurry of merger and acquisition (M&A) activities. The biggest deals in the gold sector include the world’s largest gold producer, Newmont (TSX: NGT; NYSE: NEM), seeking to build a global gold superpower by approaching Australia’s Newcrest Mining (TSX: NCM; ASX: NCM) with a US$17 billion takeover offer. Agnico Eagle Mines (TSX: AEM; NYSE: AEM) and Pan American Silver (TSX: PAAS; NASDAQ: PAAS) outbid Gold Fields (TSX: GFI; NYSE: GFI) for Yamana Gold (TSX: YRI; NYSE: AUY) in a US$4.8-billion transaction.

More gold mergers and acquisitions may be likely this year, and the M&A drive offers a path forward from a decade-long gold rut, analysts say.

To provide a snapshot of the potential of the world’s gold supply, the latest Mining Intelligence top ten list ranks the world’s largest gold projects by resource size, measured in millions of troy ounces (mozt).

#1 KSM

Development status: Prefeasibility // Geology: Porphyry, Skarn

Seabridge Gold’s (TSX: SEA; NYSE: SA) Kerr-Sulphurets Mitchell (KSM) project in British Columbia’s famed Golden Triangle is in first place with 154.1 million oz. gold. The US$5.3-billion project hosts four mineral deposits and the preliminary economic assessment released in August 2022 outlines an underground block cave mining operation supplemented with a small open pit, planned to operate for 39 years. Last month, B.C.’s Tahltan Nation and Nisg̱a’a Nation forged a partnership to participate in the KSM project.

#2 Pebble

Development status: Preliminary Economic Assessment //Geology: Porphyry, Supergene Copper

After spending two years in the top spot, Northern Dynasty Minerals’ (TSX: NDM) Pebble project in the Bristol Bay region of Alaska moves to second place. While the resource has 106.5 million oz. of gold, the project has been plagued with controversy and environmental opposition over the years. It is unclear if the mine will eventually be developed, as the Biden administration banned the dumping of mining waste near Bristol Bay, issuing a decree that thwarts longstanding plans to extract gold, copper and molybdenum because of potential harm to the region’s thriving sockeye salmon industry.

#3 Sukhoi Log

Development status: Feasibility // Geology: Orogenic Gold

The Sukhoi Log deposit is in third place with 66.4 million oz., and is said to be the world’s largest by reserves. Russian miner Polyus bought the remaining stake in the giant deposit in Siberia from its project partner Rostec in a US$128-million deal in 2020, and shortly after raised its investment forecast to US$3.3 billion for the project that will double its production from 2027.

#4 Norte Abierto

Development status: Preliminary Economic Assessment // Geology: Epithermal, Porphyry, Epithermal – High Sulfidation

The Norte Abierto project in Chile, a joint venture between the world’s two top gold miners, Newmont (TSX: NGT; NYSE: NEM) and Barrick Gold (TSX: ABX; NYSE: GOLD) is in fourth place with 54.7 million oz. gold. A Chilean environmental court last year ordered a new evaluation of the project due to concern that heavy traffic and water usage could disrupt life for the nearby indigenous community.

#5 Donlin

Development status: Permitting // Geology: Orogenic Gold

The Donlin project in Alaska is in fifth place with 45 million oz. of gold. A joint venture between Barrick and Novagold Resources (TSX: NG; NYSE-AM: NG), the owners are working on an updated feasibility study while drilling is ongoing.

#6 Reko Diq

Development status: Feasibility // Geology: Porphyry, supergene copper

The massive Reko Diq deposit in Pakistan takes sixth place after Barrick Gold resolved a long-running dispute with its Pakistani partners last year. As 50% owner, Barrick is planning to to invest US$10 billion into the project, which is expected to have a life of more than 40 years. A feasibility study update is expected by the end of 2024, and the aim is to achieve first production by 2028.

#7 Snowfield

Development status: Prefeasibility // Geology: Porphyry

In seventh place is Seabridge Gold’s Snowfield project in Northwestern British Columbia with 34.6 million oz. of gold. Seabridge acquired the Snowfield property in 2020 from Pretium Resources. Snowfield is adjacent to KSM’s Mitchell deposit and work has started on an updated prefeasibility study to incorporate Snowfield into KSM’s mine plan.

#8 Hu’u Onto

Development status: Advanced exploration // Geology: Porphyry

The Hu’u Onto project in Indonesia takes eighth place with 32.6 million oz. of gold. The project is held by a joint venture between Vale (NYSE: VALE)  (80%) and Indonesian mining company ANTAM (20%), which has been exploring the Hu’u property since 2010. Following the discovery of the world-class Onto copper-gold deposit in 2020, the project’s resource was significantly boosted.

#9 Tujuh Bukit

Development status: Prefeasibility. Geology: Porphyry

Also in Indonesia, in ninth place is PT Merdeka’s Tujuh Bukit project with 28.6 million oz. of gold. The project uses conventional open pit mining with heap leach processing to produce up to 90,000 oz. gold a year.

#10 Treaty Creek

Development status: Preliminary Economic Assessment. Geology: Porphyry, Volcanic Hosted Massive Sulphide

The Treaty Creek project in British Columbia rounds out the list with 24.5 million oz. of gold. Tudor Gold (TSXV: TUD) has a 60% interest in Treaty Creek; American Creek Resources (TSXV: AMK) and Teuton Resources (TSXV: TUO) each hold a 20% interest. The property is in B.C.’s Golden Triangle and borders Seabridge Gold’s KSM project to the southwest and Newcrest Mining’s Brucejack property to the southeast.

More data is at Mining Intelligence.

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